Azo compounds are compounds formed by connecting an azo group to two hydrocarbon groups, and their general formula is. Nouns related to azo compounds in life include fuel, etc. The materials of azo compounds mainly include cloth, leather, paint, plastic, rubber, colorants, etc.
The structure and formation of azo compounds
Azo compounds have cis and trans geometric isomers. Trans is better than cis. The formula is stable, and the two isomers can be converted into each other under light or heating conditions. Azo compounds are mainly produced through the coupling reaction of diazonium salts. Hydrogenated azo compounds and aromatic amines can be oxidized to the corresponding azo compounds in the presence of oxidants (such as, , , and etc.)
Azo compounds And nitro compounds can also be reduced to azo compounds in the presence of reducing agents (such as, etc.). Azo group is a chromophore, and azo dyes are the most diverse and widely used type of synthetic dyes. Some azo compounds can be used as acid-base indicators and metal indicators in analytical chemistry. Some azo compounds can be used as initiators for polymerization reactions, such as azobisiso, etc.
The hazards and restrictions of azo
Many azo compounds have carcinogenic effects. For example, butter yellow, which has been used to color margarine, can induce liver cancer. Methyl red, which is banned as an indicator, can cause bladder and breast cancer. Tumor. Although some azo compounds are not carcinogenic, their toxicity is similar to that of nitro compounds and aromatic amines. In order to protect human health and provide consumer safety, the Netherlands, Austria and Germany have successively adopted mandatory rules to ban the use of azo-containing colorants in consumer products. Provide relevant testing services in accordance with the directives of various countries. On the day of the year and the month of the year, the European Parliament and the European Commission also published directives restricting the use of carcinogenic azo colorants in certain textiles and leather products, prohibiting the sale of restricted azo-containing Goods colored with colorants. and directives were gradually codified into the laws of various countries and came into effect on the year, month, and year, month days respectively. Among the aromatic amines, the azo colorant (aromatic amine) content in one or more aromatic amines should be less than /. In addition, the amount of blue colorant index number
in any product shall be limited to /.
At present, AZO control has become one of the most important quality monitoring items in the international textile and apparel trade, and is also one of the most basic quality indicators of ecological textiles. The German government promulgated a decree in 2006 that stipulates that all leather and textiles entering Germany must be tested, and some EU countries followed suit.
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